Smart Aquarium System: Water Change and Temperature Control with HC-SR04 and DS18B20 Sensors Based on IoT

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly used in aquarium maintenance. This study develops a smart aquarium system for automating water changes and temperature control. The system uses the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to monitor water levels, with Pump 1 removing water to a depth of 20 cm and Pump 2 refilling up to 5 cm. Temperature control is managed by the DS18B20 sensor, using relays to activate the heater if the temperature drops below 22°C and the fan if it exceeds 30°C. The system is controlled via an IoT platform connected to a Telegram bot, with data displayed on an LCD screen. Testing results showed that the water level control system performed efficiently, with pumps responding within 5 seconds, maintaining consistent water levels. However, temperature control exhibited a 1-minute delay before activating the heater or fan, ensuring stable temperature regulation. This system successfully maintained water temperature between 22°C and 30°C during the testing period. In the future, the system could be enhanced by adding a photodiode sensor for water clarity, a pH sensor for water quality, and UV light control in the filter chamber to further optimize water conditions, making it a practical solution for long-term aquarium maintenance.